Vote-based ideology
Explore how senators’ recorded votes compare across the chamber. This describes voting patterns, not legislative effectiveness.
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How to read this analysis
Positions come from one-dimensional W-NOMINATE. Senators with similar positions tend to show similar voting patterns in this vote set. Party identifies the point color; it is not used to estimate positions.
The positive direction is anchored to Jessica de la Cruz. Zero is not a calibrated ideological center. Higher values do not mean better performance, and endpoints do not establish political extremism.
The combined fit uses 81 official journals, 366 divided roll calls and 50 bootstrap trials. Fifty-two conflicting source records are excluded. Ruggerio remains in the historical data but has only eight eligible divided votes, below the 20-vote minimum.
Annual fits are separately scaled. They should not be read as direct measures of ideological movement. Annual fits here have no bootstrap standard errors.
Source coverage and review
2025: January 7–June 20, 38 journals. 2026: January 6–June 11, 43 journals. Inventory checked October 5, 2026. Missing recorded votes are not counted as Nay.
This test requires further source and methodological review before public interpretation. It is separate from CEL scores and the RIEP Legislative Progress Index.